Department of Health, KCG
2005 Summary of Administration, Public Health and Medical Care
Medical Care System1. Medical Administration and Management
（1） Medical resources
According to the statistics of December, 2005, there were registered medical personnel and institutions, including 2,817 physicians, 324 doctors of traditional Chinese medicine, 871 dentists, 740 medical technologists, 15 medical technologist assistants, 281 radiologists, 38 radiologist assistants, 190 physical therapists, 148 physical therapist assistants, 107 occupational therapists, 19 occupational therapist assistants, 60 respiratory therapists, 38 clinical psychologists, 24 counseling psychologists, 98 tooth modeling technologists, 80 traditional bonesetters, and 4 prosthodontist assistants. There were 61 western medicine hospitals, 4 traditional Chinese medicine hospitals, 858 western medicine clinics, 217 traditional Chinese medicine clinics, 530 dental clinics, and 59 medical laboratory centers, 0 occupational therapy clinic, 1 physical therapy clinic, 6 radiation therapy clinics, and 0 psychological therapy clinic. It amounted to 5,854 professional or licensed medical personnel and 1,736 licensed medical institutions. Besides, we also facilitate 13 medical associations which include various medical professions.
（2） Our department now is open for the application of the medical affairs from the public which is described as follows:
a. We accept and investigate medical institutions regarding to 191 applications for commencement (including the change of registration), 8 applications of closedown, 3 applications of reopening, and 160 applications of termination.
b. As for medical personnel, we accepted 4,187 applications for practicing business in medical institutions, 3,840 applications of license cancellation (including termination, change, and death), 35 applications of license reissue, and 305 applications of license replacement, and 13 applications of license ceasing.
（3） We supervised and checked the medical affairs in 1,660 hospitals and clinics.
（4） We handled application for medical disputes from the public. So far there were 58 medical disputes which had been patched up in Medical Dispute Mediation Committee and resulting in 10 conciliations.
（5） We had convened 3 Medical Dispute Mediation Committee meetings.
（6） We had coordinated with medical associations such as physicians, dentists, professional nurses, pharmacists, occupational therapists to organize totally 29 educational trainings.
2. Emergency Care Services
（1） Civil exercise in learning CPR: In order to manipulate time of emergency effectively, simple emergency treatment trainings were held regularly for the public, organizations, schools, and groups in order to make sure that everyone learns CPR and to increase the survival rate in disasters. In 2005, 620 CPR trainings were held, which involved in 20,325 people.
（2） Enhancement of emergency resources and emergency quality
1. We recruited directors of emergency room in medical education centers from outlying cities to help us evaluate the 15 obligated hospitals to improve the emergency medical quality.
2. Medical personnel and emergency technicians received professional emergency training. It amounted to 15 medical institutions, 25+ physicians, 60+ nurses, 15+ administrative staffs, and 50+ ambulances, total in 5 trainings as well as 4 first aid trainings of abundant injured people. All kinds of resources are combined in practice to complete the emergency care and the transporting of the patients.
3. In August 24th, 2005, we subsidized Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University to prepare “Emergency Medical Operation Center (EMOC) and to inaugurate in 20th, Dec, 2005. This organization would function in department of health cross Kaohsiung City, Kaohsiung County and Pingtung County as a single channel of patient referrals, and communication of emergency accidents through obligated hospitals.
（3） Ambulance Management
It amounts to 146 ambulances in Kaohsiung giving assistance to the medical emergency. Regular annual examinations were needed and the emergency appliances are requested to be replaced. There were 695 medical personnel and 73 ambulances sent to care accidents.
（4） Civil Medical Care Group was organized and trained. “Kaohsiung City Sanitation Preparation Plan” was revised and relative personnel were framed accordingly. In addition, we held annual civil medical care training in 16th, Nov, 2005 which involved totally 457 people.
3. Municipal hospital management
(1)United Administration Center of Municipal Hospitals was established to enhance the medical care quality of municipal hospitals, to improve the performance, to integrate the resources of all hospitals, and to develop individual specialty in each hospital.
(2)BPO of Municipal Hospitals: Currently we were still reviewing the possibilities of outsourcing regular affairs of municipal hospitals. By doing so could the resources and personnel as a result of cost effective performance. By far we had completed the following BPO projects: 4 from Municipal Min-Sheng Hospital, 10 from Municipal United Hospital and 1 from Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital.
(3) The integration of the municipal hospitals was advocated. Municipal Tatung Hospital and Women Children Hospital were combined to Kaohsiung Municipal United Hospital in Jan. 1, 2003 to make the best use of staffs and medical resources aiming to achieve better economic scale.
(4) We certainly monitored the management of hospitals by pre-checking the purchase of medical instruments of which value was up to 1500,000 NTD and by reviewing maintenance reports of those operated instruments which cost above 500,000 NTD.
(5) We encouraged our employees to pursue further education; meanwhile, we also organize educational trainings monthly to promote patients’ safety and rights while taking medical treatment. Continually, we promulgate the activities and efforts of medical care quality control to enhance the service quality in hospitals.
(6) To enhance individual features in municipal hospitals, we asked them to execute projects involved with various fields such as public sanitation, preventive medicine, community health, and epidemic prevention. All we had done would dedicate our citizen and their communities a better and complete caring service.
(7)In order to reach the goal of autarkical situation in municipal hospitals, we had reduced the percentage of subsidy in payload as well as subsidizing in quota.
(8)”Operate-Transfer” in municipal hospitals: Currently Kaohsiung Municipal SiaogangHospital and Kaohsiung Municipal Cijin Hospital which are two municipal hospitals run under the commission of Kaohsiung City Government.
4. Prevention and control of the chronic mental illness
We integrate the medical resources and establish the service system of prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation to spread out the conception of good mental health protection and make people keep good healthy mind.
（1） The establishment of “Kaohsiung Psychiatric Emergency Care Network” was done to co-operate with Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University and other 16 medical institutions to set up emergency service center based in Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital. By far we had achieved 157 patient referrals and 447 telephone counseling services.
（2） We traced the psychiatric patients in community to strengthen the home care matters. This year there were totally 6,195 cases being traced as well as 11,902 home and telephone visits being done.
（3） “Mental Health Center” was set up to be responsible for the affairs of the mental health care and protection; we offer the counseling and guidance.
5. Services for physical and mental disabilities
According to the regulations of “Examination on Physical and Mental Disabilities,” the examination services were provided.
(1) Setting up physical and metal disable authentication team and inviting representatives from relative groups and organizations to help us advocate regular affairs.
(2) We assigned Municipal Siaogang Hospital and other 12 hospitals to be obligated medical institutions of disability authentication as a result of giving convenience to our citizens while they needed. So far there are 14,669 people applying this service.
6. Artificial tooth for the over-65-years-old in government expense in Kaohsiung City
This plan was carried out from July 1999 and was divided into four stages. The effect of the plan was as follows:
Numbers of Screening
Numbers of Client Pass Screening
Numbers of getting denture
The 1st Stage
18,427
6,625
5,873
(July 1999~Dec. 2000)
The 2nd Stage
9,926
7,643
6,945
(Jan. 2001~Dec. 2001)
The 3rd Stage
8,648
8,080
7,090
(Jan. 2002~Dec. 2002)
The 4th Stage
4,192
2,377
2,600
(Jan. 2003~Dec. 2003)
The 5th Stage
4,304
1,469
1,441
(Jan. 2004~Dec. 2004)
The 6th Stage
(Jan. 2005~Dec. 2005)
1,991
856
803
Total
47,488
27,050
24,760
Note:
Until December 31, 2005, there were a total of 24,728 persons gets dentures. Among them, 13,469 persons had complete dentures, 2,462 persons had palate dentures, 6,422 persons had palate dentures as well as removable partial dentures, 712 persons got single palate and removable partial dentures without masticatory function (single RPD), and 1,655 persons got bimaxillary and removable partial dentures without masticatory function (bimaxillary RPD). (Among them, single RPD and bimaxillary RPD were only available for the 3rd stage. For the project of senior citizens aging 90 or above were only applicable to the 5th stage).
Health Promotion & Protection1. Family Planning
(1) We take 196 minor women in record and teach them contraceptive knowledge. Rate of receiving case is 96%.
(2) We take 459 married women who are mentally handicapped in record and teach them contraceptive knowledge. Rate of receiving case is 95.4%.
(3) We take 459 married women who have mentally illness in record and teach them contraceptive knowledge. Rate of receiving case is 95.4%.
(4) We issue health insurance cards to 495 foreign spouses and teach them contraceptive knowledge. Rate of issuing card is 95.4%.
(5) We issue health insurance cards to 729 Mainland China spouses and teach them contraceptive knowledge. Rate of issuing card is 100%.
2. Health management of pregnant women
(1) Antenatal management:
a. We took 196 minor pregnant women in record and taught them the related knowledge.
(2) Breast feeding
a. In response to World Breastfeeding week 2005, we held related activities to propagate the topic: “Breastfeeding and Family Food – Love and Health.” as a result of inspiring the public with cognizance and support toward breastfeeding.
a. The international well-known mouth and food painting artist Ms. Yang En Dian had overcome her connatural handicap and breastfed her baby favorably. Undoubtedly, she became the best prolocutor of breastfeeding on our behalf.
b. We guided 8 hospitals including Kaohsiung Municipal United Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hisaokang Hospital, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Chien Shin Hospital, Yuan Hospital, and St. Joseph Hospital the “baby-friendly” certificate from Taiwan Association of Obstetrics and Gynecology under the commission of Department of Health, Executive Yuan in 2005.
c. We established breastfeeding support team to conduct community volunteer recruiting, training, case visiting and so on.
(3) Genetic Health
We constructed a genetic health net to provide complete and high quality services. We granted 1,700 cases to do amniotic fluid analysis while 640 cases had their eugenic health examinations. All these unusual cases were traced and guided by this bureau.
3. Infant healthcare
(1) For early diagnosis and early treatment, a total of 11682 persons received screening test for congenital metabolic disease of the newborn. We offer the nursing sanitation rules to 164 abnormal subjects.
(2) In order to manipulate community resources well on the issue of children’s development, we not only provided physical examination but also community services and promotions done by district public health centers. For district health centers, these activities were done for moving up their quality of service. We conducted the screening test for the development of children at age 0 ~ 3 in 2005. A total of 3417 children who were born by foreign brides or Chinese spouses and 17992 Taiwanese children received screening test. 11 abnormal subjects had been referred and undergone the medical treatment. Further investigation and discussion on such abnormal cases should also be made by the personnel of the public health clinic. We gave nursing instruction to 55 children at high-risk groups (premature babies, underweight babies).
(3) We evaluated the growth of infants in the low-income family and give relief to those who need help. It amounts to 3,411 ponds of milk powder and 113 persons getting this help. One child with developmental delay had accepted intervention already.
(4) In order to associate with World Health Day, 2005, we held the panel discussion in compliance with the topic of the year: “Make every mother and child count.” In addition, we also organized some other activities along with it.
4. Children healthcare before school age
(1) Until the end of 2005, we finished children’s health examination in the legal registered kid’s schools and kindergartens. 13,243 children at the age of 5 had this examination.
(2) We traced 500 parents to take children to the hospital to have further examination. The rate reached 100%. There were 7,777 children with dental caries of which illness rate was 53%.
(3) We have an examination of 22,990 children’s pinworm illness in kid’s schools and kindergartens. Out of total amount, there were 133 children counting as 0.5% whose results are positive. Children who had illness had treatment with medicine.
(4) We examine the squint and week sight illness of 12,822 children aged five. It amounts to 1,435 children having eyesight illness and the illness rate is 10.4%.
(5) There are a total of 11,019 preschool children under hearing screening. 87 subjects of them are abnormal for the re-test. We had them accept the follow-up correction, and 25 of them are normal now.
5. Prevention and control of middle-aged and the elder people’s illness.
We established the “The Elders with Diabetes Disease & Disability Care Network in Kaohsiung City.”
(1) We established six regional nets to take care of the elderly with diabetes and disability. They are Sanmin Net (Sanmin District), North-Kauhsiung Net (Nantzu District, Tsoying District, Kushan District), Riveraide=Bank Net (Hsinhsing District, Chienchin District, Yencheng District), Lingya Cianjhen Net (Lingya District, Chienchen District), Hsiaokang Net (Hsiaokang District), and Chichin Net (Chichin District). It amounted to 114 medical institutions.
(2) To put “Diabetes Disease Joint Care Network” into effect, in 2005, we managed the accredited training courses (including the professional courses as well as the practicing courses) and workshop of “Diabetes Disease Care Network.” 465 Diabetes Disease Care Network health providers were trained and certified.
(3) Perform blood pressure, sugar and cholesterol 3 in 1 screening for the citizens over 40 years old. Among 26,934 cases, abnormal rate was 23%, trace case completed up to 98%.
(4) We promoted 12 administrative districts to establish 19 disease groups for aging. A total of 60 activities are held by the disease group with more than 3,600 citizens.
6. Physical examination for the elderly
(1) To provide proximate checkup service for the seniors, we encouraged hospitals and clinics to offer physical checkup for the seniors. Qualified hospitals or clinics provided such service in each administration district. Moreover, the contracted hospitals and clinics also set service posts so that the senior enjoy more convenient service.
(2) There were 30,539 civilians attended which defined 25% checkup rate.
(3) Implement health management information system for the seniors. Each district sanitary unit will trace and manage abnormal cases directly and offer medical consulting.
7. Protection and cure of Cancer
We enlarged the cancer screening services to cover cervical cancer, breast cancer, oral cancer, and colorectal cancer for early diagnosis and treatment. The following is the list of tables of cancer screening for the year of 2005:
Item
Objective Numbers of
Screening
Numbers of
Screening
Screening Rate
Numbers of Confirmatory Diagnosis
Cervical Cancer
80,272 persons
131,502 persons
163.8%
49 persons (0.037%)
Breast Cancer
2,183 persons
2,683 persons
122.9%
13 persons (0.48%)
Colorectal Cancer
16,900 persons
21,359 persons
126%
20 persons (0.09%)
Oral Cancer
12,108 persons
16,023 persons
132.3%
35 persons (0.01%)
8. Long- term Care
（1） Since the first Nursing Home was set up in Kaohsiung in 1995, there are 36 nursing homes established until Dec. 31, 2004 and there are 1,703 beds provided. Kaohsiung is the fastest city in the growing number of nursing homes in Taiwan.
（2） We established “Administration center for long term care” to provide a single channel toward disable elderly people whom amounted to 2412 people were serviced. Besides, 1370 consultation calls had been made during this period.
（3） By far there were St. Joseph Hospital, Kaohsiung Veteran General Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University conducting “hospice wards program”
（4） In 2005, we launched “Long-tern care rehabilitation” and authorized physical therapist association and occupational therapist association to provide door-to-door long-tern care rehabilitation which amounted to 270 persons being serviced.
（5） We also made extensive supervision and assessment of nursing homes and other nursing organizations.
Control of Communicable Diseases
1. Response for Emerging Avian Flu in Kaohsiung City
(1)Outline
• Prevention and control Plan in Taiwan
• Emergent handle and control methods
• emergent organization of Kaohsiung city
• Prevent Tactic of Kaohsiung health office
(2)Estimate New type flu infected in Taiwan
According to U.S Center for Disease Control（CDC）[simulated estimate]
Region
Population
[thousand]
Infection rate：23﹪
Hospitalization rate ：1.32﹪
Death rate：0.26﹪
Amount
[million]
In hospital
（thousand）
Death
（thousand）
Taiwan
23,000
5,300
70
14
Kaohsiung
1,500
400＊
5.94
1.17
(3)Taiwan Tactic Principles
a. Three Devices
b. Avian flu vaccine (long term)
c. Anti-Avian Flu drug (short term)
d. Tactic of blocking infect
(4). Four Defense
a. Offshore
b. Border
c. Community control and prevention
d. Health-care provider System security.
(5)、Prevention Plan For New Type Avian Flu
a .Enforce the disease monitor in order to prevent from the new type Avian Flu
b. Block contagious route in time for the sake of citizens’ health
c. Prepared for all contingencies anytime
LEVEL
LEVEL 0
LEVEL A1
LEVEL A2
LEVEL B
LEVEL C
SITUATION
Confirmed Case of: Domestic H5 or H7 epidemical flu virus is detected/or High pathogenic avian flu is found abroad
Confirmed Case of: Human Contagion of new type of flu aboard is detected
Confirmed Case of: Domestic avian flu infect human/
Transmission from abroad/Contagion within lab
Confirmed Case of:
New type of flu that causes human to human contagion
Confirmed Case of:
Acute flu that causes human to human contagion
Conductor
Livestock Health and Inspection Laboratory Bureau of Redevelopment ,
City of Kaohsiung.
Center for Disease Control of Health Department , Livestock Health and Inspection Laboratory Bureau of Redevelopment ,
City of Kaohsiung.
Economic Affairs Bureau /Health Department
Research, Development and Evaluation Commission of City of Kaohsiung
Research, Development and Evaluation Commission of City of Kaohsiung
(7)Emergent Avian Flu Center of Kaohsiung (Level0-A)
(8)Emergency Center of Avian Flu of Kaohsiung Aohsiung (Level B& above)
(9)Prevention Method
Prevention Action
a. Update the latest situation of flu in the world
b. Set up the response mechanism
c. Hinder from the foreign contagion
d. Fever detection in hospitals and population center
e. Strength the timely report
f. Follow the epidemic situation
g. Establish the contact phone
h. Cooperate with Agriculture Bureau
i. Educate citizens related information
j. Plan for the mass patients center
(10)、Prevention Method
Prevention
a. Medicine for avian flu
b. Raise the injection rate of vaccine
c. Manage the related equipment
d. Make sure for the inspection in hospital
e. Check the capacity of health centers
(11)Prevention Action--Start
2005/1/20
First plan for “flood prevention program of Kaohsiung”
2005/3/23
Plan the “mass patients response program”
2005/11/14
Last plan for “flu prevention program of Kaohsiung”
(12) Prevention Action—Monitoring
Item
Amount
Tracing rate
Regional& above hospital
61
100%
Population centre
120
100%
Health management
for inward passengers
294
100%
(13)The Analysis of Latest Notified Case
Have
been
History
Notified
date
Detected
date
Sample
conveyed
date
Report
date
Result
Outcome
1
Vietnam
None
94.10.19
94.10.19
94.10.19
94.10.19
Negative
Excluded
2
Thailand
None
94.12.7
94.12.7
94.12.7
94.12.7
Negative
Excluded
3
Vietnam
none
95.1.2
95.1.2
95.1.2
95.1.2
Negative
Excluded
Ref
3 notified detected cases in 2005/Detection accomplished rate 100%/all excluded
(14)Temporary Center Plan
LEVEL
Temporary Center
LEVEL 0
LEVEL A1
LEVEL A2
¡ Regional & above hospital
with negative pressure isolation room
¡ Regional & above hospital
with isolation room
LEVEL B
¡ Special contagion prevention hospital
LEVEL C
¡ Military camp provided by bureau
(16)Outcome of 2006 Prevention
Prevention action
Result
Preparation
Result
Update the latest situation of flood in the world
V
Medicine for avian flood
V
Set up the response mechanism
V
Raise the injection rate of vaccine
V
Hinder from the foreign contagion
V
Manage the related equipment
V
Fever detection in hospitals and population center
V
Make sure for the inspection in hospital
V
Strength the timely report
V
Check the capacity of health centers
V
Follow the epidemic situation
V
Establish the contact phone
V
Cooperate with Agriculture Bureau
V
Educate citizens related information
V
Plan for the mass patients center
V
(17)Strategy of 2006 Prevention
a. Plan for ‘temporary center’ program
b. Comply with ‘the Quarantine program for Inward passengers’
c. Arrange the flu vaccine plan
d. Carry out the related drills
e. Reinforce the community prevention
f. Health-care provider System security.
(18)Vaccine Inculcated Rate
2.ector - borne disease control and prevention
(1) Malaria control and prevention
No local case and 5 imported cases in Kaohsiung city 2005
(2) Japanese encephalitis control and prevention:
Regular immunization and follow-up immunization
(3). Dengue fever control and prevention, and health education,
a. “Task force of Dengue control and prevention in Kaohsiung City” was organized by deputy mayor and convenes regular morning meeting.
b. Dengue control and prevention strategies:
(i). Regular Dengue Control and Prevention meeting in Kaohsiung city government.
(ii). Enforced the surveillance of imported cases.
(iii). Dengue vector surveillance.
(iv). Ovitrap placement
(v). Vector breeding sites clearance
(vi). Environmental Managing ~ searching , Pouring, and cleaning.
(vii). Community development
(viii). Health education
(ix). Media communication
(x). Fever surveillance
c. while local Dengue fever cases were confirmed , the director of administrative district would rapidly convene departments from health, environment, civil affairs, police and other relative ones to establish a response center to
(i). Catch mosquitoes
(ii). Vector density surveillance
(iii). Epidemiological surveillance
(iv). Vector breading sites clearance
(v). Thermal fogs insecticides space spray
(vi). Ovitraps placement
(vii). Healthy education
(viii). Corporative defense
d. there are 99 confirmed cases had been reported. By clinics and hospitals in 2005. for further investigation we found 92 cases were local denude fever confirmed cases, and 7 dengue fever confirmed cases were imported.
e. We did a public poll to understand how citizens got satisfied with the protective strategies against dengue fever and the consequence showed 69% were satisfied.
f. in order to get rid of dirtiness and contagia at our environment, we strove our energy against dirty and massy vacant lands by cleaning and afforesting twenty-one vacant lands. The square measure of both public and private owned vacant lands was up to eighty hectare. While applying ARC in police offices. 1,867 foreigners had been checked and no suspected cases were found.
g. posting the letters “a letter to citizen by the mayor” and “a letter to clinical physicians by deputy mayor Mr. Chen Chi Mai” at the Kaohsiung City Government, department of health and KCDC website to have citizens fighting against dengue fever.
3. Chronic Infectious Diseases control and prevention:
(1) Tuberculosis control and prevention:
a. We set up “Kaohsiung City Tuberculosis Prevention Advisory Commission” to summon regular meetings in order to provide the useful advices on policy information and reform about prevention and control of tuberculosis of this city.
b. 22 place-times, including 2,451 persons of X-ray for tuberculosis for the citizens over 40 years old, mental hospitals, healthcare centers, nursery homes, schools and vagabonds, have been conducted. Of them, 13 patients with TB were confirmed. Incident rate is 0.53%.
c. We positively conducted each work with respect to prevent and control diseases and health education propaganda. The incidence rate in 2005 is 85.1/100,000 persons, mortality rate 5.69/100,000 persons, recovery rate: 58.02%loss rate” 7.05%
(2) STD（sexual transmitted disease）control and prevention:
a. From January 1 to December 31, 2005, a total number of the inspected person-times for Syphilis were 403,990, of whom 1000 cases were positive. Positive serum was 2.47%; a total number of the inspected person-times for HIV Infection was 436,162, of whom 578 cases were positive, positive serum was 0.13%. Positive cases thus identified as well as their sexual partners also need to receive treatment.
b. Enforced AIDS prevention: We conducted 370 conferences, seminars, Q & A, or illustration exhibitions at many institutions, schools, hospitals, clinics, and police stations, 123,010 people participated in our propaganda activities.
(3) Scabies control and prevention: for those open cases please attend Le Sheng psychiatric center of department of health, executive Yuan and affiliated nursing house with private leper relief foundation for a care and treatment, all the charge are provided by the budget of this city government. A total number of the hospitalized patients are 7 in 2005.
Occupational Health Administration
1. Business Sanitary Administration
(1) In 2005, we had conducted the routine sanitation investigations on the business sanitation traders described as follows. The results are shown in the table:
Item
Industry
Numbers
Times of Investigation
Improved Numbers after being guided
Hotel Industry
241
524
127
Toilet Industry
21
319
29
Barbershop & Permanent Wave Industry
2223
1810
535
Entertainment Industry
253
472
173
Cinema Industry
12
26
2
Swimming Pool Industry
69
738
46
Total
2819
3889
912
3. Establishment of “Self-management Sanitation System”
We launched 10 propaganda lectures to enhance the focuses such as self-management of sanitation, tobacco hazard control & epidemic disease prevention, standpipe cooling & cleaning of air conditioners, physical examination of employee, and healthy city strategies – 2009 World Games in Kaohsiung.
2. Occupational Sanitary Administration
(1) We co-operated with Bureau of Health Promotion and Occupational Healthcare Center, Southern Branch to offer the suggestion on improvement to business firms promptly and conducts programs on health education to improve employers' and labor' knowledge on occupational sanitation and further to improve their working environment with individual prevention measures. During this year (2005), total 1070 factory visits completed and 353 programs of health education conducted.
(2) We improved the quality of the designated medical care facilities for physical examinations of workers
a. In this year (2005), a total of 38 designated medical care facilities for physical examinations of workers offer out-patient, medical treatment, and physical examinations for certain items. 104,138 person-times of labors have their physical examinations, 17,126 labors after these examinations have been re-examined and local health centers conducted follow-ups for the prevention of occupational diseases.
b. To improve the quality of physical examinations, 134 facility-times of the designated medical care facilities have been guided and 247 firm-times of circulating investigations on physical examinations have been conducted by business firms. The circulating investigations on physical examination were done by the medical crews whose qualifications were superior to statutory ones.
3. Creating a healthy workplace
(1) We conducted the program of “creating a healthy workplace” which involved totally 45 business and units
(2)We conducted the program of “No-smoking workplace” which involved 46 totally business and units.
(3) We associated with academic institutions, governmental and private sectors to advocate No-smoking Workplace Program & Occupational Health Promotion Plan by organizing totally 4 cultivation seminars such “Healthy City – healthy labor in healthy workplace seeders cultivation seminar” as a result of giving assistance like health promotion, health maintenance, preventive service, and organizational system amelioration to labors in different occupations. By doing so, we further expected that would lead us to a new milestone of healthy labor and healthy city.
(4) The activities mentioned above were held totally 192 times which involved 20,418 labors in all occupations.
4.Conducting of health protection projects for painters：In order to reveal our vocational drivers’ energy and fascination to the world while 2009 World Games is held in Kaohsiung city, we advocated actively the strategy of health promotion for vocational drivers at various occupations which was belonged to a part of the blueprint of healthy city.
(1)To complete 1,477 occupational health data: we designed and set up the occupational health promotion information website.
(2)We distributed 6,500 vocational drivers and painters health care booklets to encourage them to do management of health on their own.
(3)We had taken part in the activities held by association of vocational drivers and painters where we could conduct health management and tracking propaganda. Besides, this was already the 5th time we involved.
(4) We tracked 140 persons who had been examined to provide intensive medical care and the service of health promotion.
(5) We also encouraged 1,337 persons who hadn’t took examination yet to be checked and to be provided with all preventive medicine information.
(6) We coordinated with the occupational association, professionals, and scholars to conduct 3 conferences to discuss issues like occupational hazard and its risk analysis as well as establishing database. This was to offer reference of health promotion targeted on vocational drivers and painters.
5. Physical examination on foreign labors：
Total of 13,260 foreign labors had been examined and 714 of them appealed unqualified which represented 5.24%. The reason was mainly caused from parasitic.
6. Popularization of Korfball：
In order to welcome World Games 2009, we introduced korfball to our citizens by organizing promotional activities, competitions and trainings at public & private institutions, groups and schools. So far we already had 111,393 people involved as well as 42 korfball facilitators had trained.
The Administration of Pharmaceutical Affairs
1. Inspection of Pharmacy & Drug Dealer:
The business status of pharmacy & drug dealer would be inspected routinely. Any pharmacy or drug dealer was found not to practice actively; their license would be cancelled rapidly. The number of un-licensed dealers and licensed dealers since 2001 until now would be shown on table 6 & 7.
2. The Management of Drugs:
(1) Strengthening the management of controlled substances
a. In order to stop the detour route of controlled substances, there are two kinds of audit. In 2006, almost 1,831 audits in situ were conducted among hospitals, clinics, pharmacies and 1,661 surveys via calls were conducted as well. Among them, 15 institutions were found to violate regulations of controlled substances.
b. Helping pharmacists and relating professionals to do inventory and further understanding about regulations of controlled substances, several workshops were held.
The Numbers of Un-licensed Dealers, Distributed by District Health Station, Department of Health in Kaohsiung
District
Year
Classification
Yencheng
District
Kushan District
Tsoying District
Nantzu
District
Sanmin
District
Hsinhsing
District
Chienchin
District
Lingya
District
Chienchen District
Chichin District
Hsiaokang
District
Total
2001
2
0
1
0
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
6
2002
1
1
3
0
3
1
3
6
3
0
1
22
2003
0
1
2
0
6
2
0
0
1
0
0
12
2004
2005
1
0
2
3
2
0
0
0
1
4
0
0
1
2
1
2
2
3
1
0
1
0
16
14
Table 7
The Number of Licensed Pharmacy &Manufacturer in Kaohsiung City
Category
Year
Western Pharmacy
Chinese Pharmacy
Medical Implements
Total
Pharmacy
Sellers of drugs
Manufacturers
Sellers of drugs
Manufacturers
Sellers of drugs
Manufacturers
2001
576
473
2
1,094
12
2,209
9
4,375
2002
602
362
2
1,119
11
2,365
9
4,470
2003
618
477
1
1,145
11
2,562
8
4,822
2004
2005
614
613
564
561
1
1
1,116
1,113
10
7
2,324
2,489
9
8
4,638
4,792
Table 8. Cases of Illegal Drugs Prosecuted in Kaohsiung City
Counterfeit
Drugs
Inferior Drugs
Prohibited Drugs
Others Illegal drugs
Total
Remarks
2001
3
9
2
86
100
Cases are sentenced (including cases not meet requirements for the labeling such as lot number, ingredient, expiration date etc. . .)
2002
5
11
2
75
93
2003
2
8
2
55
67
2004
14
3
4
47
68
2005
14
2
4
43
63
(2) Prosecution of counterfeit, inferior and prohibited drugs
To ensure the quality of marketing drugs, inspectors in the Department of
Health in Kaohsiung, actively examine package, leaflet, label or other disqualifications of marketing drugs whether imported or manufactured domestically. Drug once was found not consisting with regulations, will be seized. Furthermore, we concerns any complaint from consumers, especially medicine mixed up with Chinese medicine, called it counterfeit, will be examined directly by our laboratory. Inspectors are scheduled to conduct or collaborate with the Health Department in the Executive Yuan annually. The number of illegal cases prosecuted will be shown on table 8.
(3) Supervision of inventory used during war period
During war period, the number and items of drugs and paramedics used for emergency care are documented. And the health bureau supervises its mobilization, annually.
3. Promotion of separation of pharmacist and medicine
(1) 2 panel discussions and 2 seminars on「Friendly Interactive Cooperation」between pharmacist and medicine were held in 2005.
(2) So far, 42,867 prescriptions for the chronic diseases were released out from 4 municipal hospitals which were dispensed by community pharmacies in 2005.
(3) To ensure the quality of services offered by pharmacists, 2,766 inspections were
conducted. And 17 pharmacists did not practice in situ.
4. Management of Cosmetics
To upgrade the quality of cosmetics and to ensure the safety of consumers,
inspectors scheduled to pharmacies, hair set suppliers, beauty salon, department stores, and shopping mall to examine cosmetics actively, and asked them to examine the label of goods on shelf routinely. Otherwise, promotion advertisements in any media such as newspapers, magazines, radio and television, cable TV and internet are strictly reviewed and monitored. Any illegal promotion advertisement not approved before appear in the media not only were fined but also transferred to News Bureau. The numbers of illegal promotion advertisement are shown on table 9.
Table 9： The Achievements of Division of Cosmetics( 2002 to 2005)
Year
2005
2004
2003
2002
Item
Inspection of the cosmetics
28 factories
35 factories
16 factories
36 factories
factory
Investigation on the labels of
4,638 cases
5,578 cases
5,506 cases
5,125 cases
marketing cosmetics
Quality analyses on cosmetics
167
cases
281 cases
171 cases
162 cases
Illegal cosmetics
482
cases
289 cases
126 cases
156 cases
Cosmetics advertisements approved
920
cases
178 cases
135 cases
57 cases
Illegal advertisements
813
cases
694 cases
3
Healthy Communication & Education1. Health Education
The guidance of health enterprise must utilize the suitable tools and ways to implement, only then can let the public profoundly impress and deeply plant in heart, at present the utilization ways of mass-communications media include the following items: Release of New, Electronic Media, and Publications.
(1) Internet
In order to coordinate with the utilization of information, at present there is the
exclusive website to plan and promote
the related issues of health for the use of the public.
(2) News Propaganda
In order to help our citizens to gain a understanding that the work of healthcare as
well as the related regulations, we provide and issue the real-time news in view of
the activities together with the respective municipal hospital, and convene the
press conference to give instructions at the right time, there are total 278 news
issued in 2005.
(3) Radio Propaganda
Utilizing the call-in of radio station to achieve the interactive relations with the
public, besides accepting interview of each broadcasting stations irregularly by
director and related personnel of various activities in order to achieve the effect of
guidance, even to cooperate with the radio station. We also use the charity
channel on the cable TV or electronic advertising board to market the related
issues of sanitation and health care to promote the related activities.
(4) We published "Healthy Kaohsiung Bimonthly" since1988 and up to December
2004 has published 136 issues which were free delivering to people's representatives, village masters, each department of city government, medical-relevant schools, the medical institutions and provide the public for free demands and so on.
2. Accident Injury Prevention System
a. We established our “Bulletin of Health promotion－Accident Injury Prevention Section” to come up with accident injury prevention strategies.
b. We evaluated home environmental security of children and the aging of 61 households to evaluate and guide them so as to improve the home environmental security.
c. To coordinate the topic of World Health Day, we managed the propaganda and forum on ‘Healthy Mama and Happy Children’ which included motion and motionless exhibitions, the education with a great deal of color in it, earned comprehensively resonant response from the public.
d. We associated with public and private sectors to held garden parties, exhibitions, health competitions and so on according to correlative seasons and festivals.
e. We launched 99 accident injury prevention discussions in each district in Kaohisung City with total of 24,517 participants.
3. Control of Tobacco Hazards
Item
Frequency
Tobacco Hazard Investigation
24,228
Smoking Cessation outpatient services
129
Smoking Cessation education program
20
Propaganda Activities
11
Radio Propaganda
458
Smoke-free restaurants
413
Smoke-free campus
10
(1) To implement the investigation on tobacco hazard effectively:
a. We established the mechanism of tobacco hazards control: (1) Organizing staff training seminars, (2) field investigation: project investigations such as Youth Project and so on were made; routine investigations such as joint investigation, off-campus joint visit and random investigation were made, and 164 letters of administrative disciplinary on tobacco hazards prevention were made.
b. We set up a total of 24,288 files including the units to investigate the tobacco hazards, tobacco suppliers, organizations, and stores.
(2) To setup smoking cessation education program and the outpatient service for smoking cessation
a. We encouraged and directed 129 medical establishments to offer the outpatient service for smoking cessation.
b. We set up the service network covering the outpatient service for smoking cessation, smoking cessation education program, and hotline.
c. We sent recommended medical care personnel to participate smoking cessation educational training, meanwhile, we also encouraged and subsidized in opening 12 smoking cessation education programs.
(3)To advocate smoking harm precaution activities:
a. we plan and negotiate each community promotion activities, hold 14 activities accordingly.
b. To coordinate with World No Tobacco Day on May 31st, we invited public and private medical institutions and groups to hold correlative activities in expectation of nurturing a smoke-free environment such as smoke-free family, smoke-free campus, smoke-free workplace and smoke-free restaurants.
c. We did promotions through mass media such as radio (458 casts), newspapers (58 prints), internet coverage (4 coverage), and marquees in cable TV.
d. To set up health education website: The content of this website included E-map information system, E-papers, gifts giving and so on as a result of providing diverse and inspirational ways on health education.
(4) Promotion of Smoke Free Environment:
a. Promotion of Smoke Free Restaurants: We manage “Kaohsiung City Smoke
Free Restaurants Promotion,” “Kaohsiung City Smoke Free Restaurants Selection,” and so on. By far 413 restaurants had received new non-smoking certification.
b. Promotion of smoke-free campuses: We planned and hosted no smoking campus at 10 schools including elementary, junior and senior high schools. The specific ways of promotion were shown as follows: (1) Establishing campus organization; (2) Conveying related knowledge to teachers and students; (3) Developing anti-smoking skills; (4) Coordinating community resources with schools; (5) Setting up database which could apply on facilitating targeted teachers and students.
c. To assist those schools which involved health promotion program to put the affairs of tobacco hazard control into effect.
d. To hold educational competitions for tobacco hazard prevention and control in Kaohsiung city.
e. To display smoking cessation advertisement on panels located around schools in Kaohsiung city.
f. We also assisted with the planning and the related activities of building smoke free workplaces in Kaohsiung city.
(5) International Communication:
a. We invited Yoshihiro Ohkuni MD., an international well-known volunteer, to not only deliver a speech to our volunteers but also have experience sharing.
b. We invited Ted Chen, Ph.D., MPH, MA, Professor, Tulane University, President, APACT, to attend the symposium of tobacco hazard control and community health strategies in Southern Taiwan which focused on issues like health polices, local healthcare, community health creation, and tobacco hazard control in workplace. Health authorities, schools in other southern cities and the media were also invited to this symposium.
c. Once again we invited Ted Chen, Ph.D., MPH, MA, Professor, Tulane University to give a keynote speech and experience sharing in response to the following 2 symposiums: “The effectiveness evaluation, impact and reaction against FCTC in Asia-Pacific region.”; Tobacco hazard control and reacting strategies of the feminine.”
4. Promoting the plan of enhancing citizens’ health and figure
(1) We established 18 free physical examination booths in district public health centers, municipal hospitals and private fitness centers to conduct the affairs of citizens’ physical fitness examination.
(2) We managed to recruit volunteers with the physical examination expertise to help us carry out the affairs of citizens’ physical fitness examination. So far we had completed the recruitment and trainings which 380 volunteers were involved as well as certificates were issued as well.
(3) In order to broaden the recognition and involvement by citizens, we held 5 propaganda activities, spontaneously; we took the advantages of holding citizens’ physical fitness examination in examination booths to arrange 1,250 group examinations of which were public and private sectors.
(4) We had completed 40,502 person-times of physical fitness examinations which all were inputted in the database. And we assigned Dep. of Recreation Sport and Health Promotion, National Pingtung University of Science & Technology to generate statistics analysis and evaluation reports based on the database.
(5) To associate with Tour de Taiwan, we held citational activities for walking and physical fitness in order to strengthen healthy image of Kaohsiung city to the globe.
(6) In order to promote physical jerks in communities and institutions, we had completed the implementation of physical jerks in 2005 institutions, groups and communities where people did 10 minutes in the morning and the afternoon.
(7) We coordinated the promotional affairs of health and physic with teachers and students from the field of recreation sport which Kaohsiung Medical University, National University of Kaohsiung, Fooyin University, I-Shou University, Shu-Te University and Kaohsiung Vocational High School of Commerce were involved. Those teachers and students from 6 schools were to organize a “student volunteer service unit of community health and physic.”
(8) We associated with private sectors and patient association to hold physical jerks competition for the citizens.
5. Health Building in Communities
(1) In order to push the goal of health life & life health for community inhabitants, we push community health adaptation plan, combine with the public groups of 11 districts in this city and separately establish community health adaptation center, a school community health build up center (Hsinhsing District), and a urban aboriginal tribe health build up center to promote community health management together.
(2) The community health center conducted 2542 various activities which could promote citizen’s health such as food sanitation, safety of physic, chronic disease control, and physical examination.
(3) Recruiting, organizing and training our health volunteers to devote themselves in providing community health services, conducting health promoting workshops, physical examinations, and distributing health D.I.Y brochures door to door which give clear instructions to the citizen.
(4) We actively promoted physical fitness workout not only in communities but also in workplaces. For office workers and families we individually developed physical fitness workout which was able to do with the time and place of ease.
(5) The community health building up center (Zuoying District) which is operated by Soka Gakkai Association in Kaohsiung original botanical-garden had earned the top 10 the most outstanding community health building up center award.
(6)We strove the subsidy from the central government for conducting projects related to community health building up center, Hsiao Kang District (operated by Municipal Hsiaokang Hospital) which could accelerate the environmental rejuvenation of Municipal Hsiaokang Hospital.
(7) We had chosen community health building up centers in Zuoying District and Yanchen District to participate New Formosa Community project organized by Executive Yuan.
6. To Organize and Train the Volunteer Workers of Health:
(1)The health care volunteer service work of this city according to the stipulation of "the volunteer service law" to integrate the operating units of volunteer workers engaged in medical service total 43 units of this city (contains Dep. of Health, KCG, municipal medical institutes, community health adaptation center, private hospital, and blood donation center and so on), after recruiting & training by the operating units according to the service demand and gives duty grouping, total 3,512 persons, all has approved to issue " the volunteer service record book".
(2)”Information system of volunteer workers management” had been revised and integrated its database with the one in Dep. of Health, Executive Yuan.
7. Taiwan Medical History Literature Center
(1)Percentage of satisfaction toward exhibitions held in 2005
Topic of Exhibition
Content of Exhibition
Mode of Exhibition
Servicing facilities
A new perspective toward the creation of Adam & Eve
91%
90%
91%
90%
Sex, History and Comics
95%
88%
92%
94%
The pioneer missionary in Formosa, Dr. James L.Maxwell
98%
97%
95%
97%
Medicine and Literature
96%
98%
89%
96%
2. Management of Water Station
a. As the end of December 2005, there were 850 water stations (reducing 16 from 866 water stations in 2004) in Kaohsiung City under the control of our department.
b. In order to bring convenience to water station business in applying regular procedures (approbation, change of registration, and re-approbation), we authorized district public centers to conduct in exchange of shortening 3 to 5 days of processing time.
c. We randomly inspected 786 water stations of which water quality was complied with our regulations.
3. Direct food quality sanitation for food shops in Liuho Night Market:
a. In the 1st and 2nd quarters of 2005, we checked and facilitated stalls in Liuho night market where 80% of them are rewarded outstanding performance.
b. In August, 2005, our director general Mr. Han had written an open letter to all stall keepers for explaining them how we work hard to improve the sanitation. The purpose of this letter was nothing but awaking their sense of self-management as well as taking on sanitation image an entirely new look.
4. Direct food quality sanitation for seafood shops and vendors in Chichin District.
In 2005, we had sent personnel consulting seafood shops and vendors in Chichin District and evaluating them under the competition of “Excellent seafood shops and vendors in Chichin District.” Eventually, we chose 10 of them and issued “Excellence in seafood quality sanitation” award as well as recommending consumers by posting their information on the internet.
5. Promotion of Smoke Free Restaurants
While inspection and consultation of restaurant business in 2005, spontaneously we also enhanced the promotion of smoke free environment, thus, we decided to engage scholars and professionals via Bureau of Health Promotion to evaluate those applying smoke free restaurant certification. Consequently, there were 176 restaurants receiving the certification. By far 417 restaurants in Kaohsiung city had received non-smoking certification.
6. Promotion plan of self management by traders (sanitation mark)
We adjust our management polices to encourage foodstuff traders to not only inspect themselves autonomously but also apply the concepts of healthy food & smoke free restaurant to their business. However, we still randomly inspected them in case they wouldn’t practice well. In 2005, there were 49 catering restaurants, 22 boxed lunch makers acquiring accreditation and being awarded sanitation mark.
7. We managed “Healthy Physical Fitness for the Adult, Challenge to 18-24” and setup the registry system of the 18-24 physical fitness: there are a total of 8,636 people registered at the 18-24 physical fitness. Among them, the average weight was 62.79 kilogram, the average BMI (Body Mass Index) is 23.96，and average waist is 73.02 cm. In 2005, we had organized 120 slimming seminars which involved 14,023 persons. Besides, we also coordinated with hospitals to open 10 weight controlling courses of which delegates lost 2.485 kilos in average.
8. We call for the foodstuff volunteers:
We conducted 2 educational programs of foodstuff sanitation and 9 practical trainings for our volunteers. Until now we had 58 foodstuff volunteers helping us arrange 20 propagandas of foodstuff sanitation and nutrition as well as report 66 violative cases.
9. Meat Product Management
a. To maintain the sanitation management of the meat products, we worked together with Illegal Slaughter Investigation Section of Economics Affairs
Bureau to investigate all pork stands every month. In 2005, 27 meat processing factories, and 2342 vendors, 128 distributors, 1448 boxed lunch makers, and 542 catering service providers were inspected and no case of violating law was found.
b. We executed 217 livestock meat inspections of which 7 were not complied with regulations due to Ampicillin positive being found.
c. We conducted 13 related propaganda activities.
10. Food Safety Administration
a. We checked ordinary foodstuff, festival foodstuff, and seasonal foodstuff which counted totally 3262 cases, and out of them there were 276 unqualified.
b. Inspection of pesticide remnants on vegetables:
In 2005, based on joint inspection program, we checked pesticide remnants on lunch in 96 schools across elementary, junior and senior schools. The result showed that the remnants were under safety allowance.
c. We had checked 28,552 cases of foodstuff labeling which 474 violative cases were found. Those cases would be managed under Food Sanitation Administration Act.
Health Inspection
1. Food Sanitary Inspection:
(1) Food Chemistry Inspections:
The inspections items of food chemicals includes preservatives, artificial flavor, Coal Tar Dyes, bleaching agents, Bactericides, pesticides residuals, Heavy metal, sulfonamides, histamine, fluorescent, whitening agent, Sulfur Dioxide and methanol, 254 of 4081 inspection items are found unqualified, the disqualification rate is 6.22%.
(2) Food Microbiology Inspection
The inspection items of food microbiology includes Escherichia Colifrom, E.Coli group, total viable counts and poison cases, standard Plate Count, Molts )by Staphylococcus Aureus, Vibrio Parahaemolyticus, Salmonella, Bacillus Cereus), 158 of 2299 inspection items are found unqualified, the disqualification rate is 6.87%.
2. Medicine Inspection:
5 of 53 inspection items of Testing Adulterations of chemical drugs in Chinese Herbal Preparations ingredient are found unqualified, the disqualification rate is 9.43%, but only 1 of 87 inspection items of cosmetics products is found unqualified, the disqualification rate is 1.14%.
3. Business Sanitary Inspection:
(1) Inspection of swimming pool water: 31 pf 701 inspection items of swimming pool in Kaohsiung city are found unqualified, the disqualification rate is 4.42%.
(2) Inspection of sauna water: 581 inspection items of swimming pool in Kaohsiung city are inspected and found all qualified.
4. Personal Inspection for Kaohsiung city citizen
Two pieces of water quality inspection are unqualified among 90 pieces of water quality inspection applied by the Kaohsiung city citizen in 2005. The disqualification rate is 2.22%.
5. Laboratory Certified by Taiwan Accreditation Foundation
The authorized inspections of items below are certified by Taiwan Accreditation Foundation: Acrobic late Counts Coliforms, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Hydrogen Peroxide, Preservative, Vitamin E, Boric acid and Borat, Testing of Adulteration of Chemical Drugs in Chinese Herbal Preparations. The additional 8 inspection items below are accredited by Taiwan Accreditation Foundation in 2005. In the future we will increase the inspection items continuously to promote the inspection qualification and secure the inspection authority to reach the international standard.
6. Test agents supplied free of charge
To enlarge the service, increase the food sanitary and promote the safety and health of foodstuff, the inspection office offers 5 test agents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), mercy (Hg) to Kaohsiung city citizen free of charge for self-test. The inspection laboratory also offers the Nirtrile (NO2), Starch, and Metanil Yellow for fast and convenient self-inspection.
7. Evaluation of Inspection Accuracy
Through the random evaluation of department of Health, Executive Yuanin 2005 the inspection results of Preservative, artificial Licorice, nitrite, boric and pesticide remnants are all evaluated to meet the standard issued by the Bureau of Food & Drug Inspection, Department of Health, Executive Yuan.
8. Research and Development:
(1) Attending the academic conference and present the research in the conference. Totally 2 oral papers and 3 poster papers were published in 2005.
(2) Increasing the items of food inspection: increasing the inspection from 2 to 6 items antioxidants and increasing 135 items for the inspection of organophorous, organochloride and carbamate in pesticide.
(3) Increasing the items of Chinese medicine mixed with western ingredients inspections: 35 items of rheumatism, rheum medicine and steroid and 5 items of dietary medicine.
9. Establishment of Standard Operation Process:
The standardization is established for increasing the confidence and completeness of inspection results. The several papers for the standard operation process have been finished including 27 inspection procedures, 24 inspection qualification procedures, 21 quality controls, 16 operation standard manuals.
10. Comparison of Food, Water and Medicine Inspection
Table 1. Comparison of water quality inspection from 2003 to 2005
2003
2004
2005
Inspection Type
IP
UQ
DQR%
IP
UQ
DQR%
IP
UQ
DQR%
Swimming pool water
782
44
5.62
775
12
1.54
460
0
0
Sauna water
399
60
15.03
307
7
2.28
701
31
4.42
Water from Kaohsiung
102
10
9.8
90
2
2.22
88
2
2.28
Remarks:
(1) IP: Inspection pieces
(2) UQ: Unqualified pieces
(3) DQR%: Disqualification rate%
Table2. Comparison of inspections of Food, Medicine and Cosmetics with illegal additives in 2005
Additives
Inspection pieces
Unqualified pieces
Disqualification rate%
preservatives
1460
74
5.01%
Boric acid and Borat
167
2
1.20%
bleaching agents
374
43
11.50%
Heavy metal
1008
6
0.60%
Adulteration of Chemical Drug in Chinese Herbal Preparations
53
5
9.43%
Microbiology
2268
33
1.46%
skin whitening
87
1
1.15%
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